[telecom] History--special Panel dialing for manual and party   lines?

[telecom] History--special Panel dialing for manual and party lines?

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Subject Author Date
[telecom] History--special Panel dialing for manual and party lines? hancock4 02-06-2008
Posted by on February 6, 2008, 2:36 pm
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One of the design points of Panel Switching was that calls to/from
manual customers would appear identical to the customers. That is,
dial customers did not have to know if they were calling a manual
exchange, they'd still dial the number, and manual customers would
simply pass the number to their operator.

To accomplish this, manual exchange switchboards connected to Panel
systems were equiopped with a light display screen. This would light
up digits for the desired number (from a dial customer) of the desired
manual board subscriber. (The Panel exchange would send appropriate
coded data to light the screen). The operator would read this and
plug into the right jack.

All the texts note two interesting twists to this:

1) Manual exchanges could have 10,500 lines, not merely 10,000.
Therefore, there was a fifth digit on the display screen.

2) Manual party lines were sometimes identified by a letter suffix.
Therefore, there was a sixth column of four letters on the display
screen.

The literature suggests Panel had extra registers for these suffix and
prefix digits.

My questions, if someone could help:

a) Has anyone ever heard of a manual exchange that had more than the
10,000 lines? I suppose these were in New York City where Panel was
originally deployed. My guess is that outside a large city they'd be
extremely rare.

b) If calling such an exchange and a number above 10,000, did a dial
user dial an extra digit? Was someone's number listed as
"PEnnsylvania 6-10240"? That would mean dialing 8 digits.

c) I know in some directories party line subscribers were listed with
their letter suffix: "Main 1234 J". But did people _dial_ that
letter as a suffix? And for panel areas, was a number listed as
"PEnnsylvania 6-5000 J"? Did someone dial that extra letter?

d) Theorectically, it would be possible to have two extra digits:
"PEnnsylvania 6-10300 J", meaning someone would dial nine numbers.
But did this actually happen in practice?

I really question the 10,500 line exchanges. But undoubtedly some
parts of New York City had plenty of manual party lines when Panel was
first deployed, and thus require the letter suffix.


Another question:

e) The literature says that if a customer dialed a number that was a
toll call, the Panel system routed it to an Intercept operator to make
out a toll ticket. Was the operator able to take advantage of the
fact the customer already dialed the number, or did the customer have
to give it to the operator and she redialed it?


This was a little tricky to explain, but I hope it's understandable.
Thanks for your help!

[public replies, please]


P.S. The logic employed by the Panel Switch and the hardware to
implement was very impressive, considering it was in the 1920s!


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other useful resources:
The Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
Telecommunications Industry Association
Electronic and Software Security Products and Services
International Telecommunication Union

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