BGP Non-contiguous repeats

BGP Non-contiguous repeats
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Subject Author Date
BGP Non-contiguous repeats vijay 11-08-2006
Posted by vijay on November 8, 2006, 11:56 pm
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If I see an AS path like 1234 5678 2345 5678 6789, shall I conclude
that the repeat was _unintentional_ and an error? Or can someone do
that non-contiguous repeat intentionally? If so, what can one achieve
by repeating an AS non-contiguously in an AS path?


Posted by Paul Matthews on November 9, 2006, 1:14 pm
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vijay wrote:

>If I see an AS path like 1234 5678 2345 5678 6789, shall I conclude
>that the repeat was _unintentional_ and an error? Or can someone do
>that non-contiguous repeat intentionally? If so, what can one achieve
>by repeating an AS non-contiguously in an AS path?

Are you suggesting the same AS can appear twice in an AS_PATH? That would mean
a routing loop.

I might have a play in the LAB and see if I can manage that by a prepend or
something...
--
Paul Matthews
paul@cattytown.me.uk
http://www.hepcats.co.uk

Posted by vijay on November 9, 2006, 11:38 pm
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> Are you suggesting the same AS can appear twice in an AS_PATH? That would mean
> a routing loop.

Yes. I mean the same. You can see many in route-views archive. My
question is "Is this a mistake?" or people can do this intentionally
for some sort of _traffic engineering_.


Posted by Paul Matthews on November 14, 2006, 9:25 am
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>Yes. I mean the same. You can see many in route-views archive. My
>question is "Is this a mistake?" or people can do this intentionally
>for some sort of _traffic engineering_.

It should not "just happen" as the AS-PATH attribute is the primary loop
prevention mechanism. if a BGP speaker sees an update with its own AS number in
it, that update is dropped.

It is certainly possible to force it. I set three routers up in the lab with
three separate AS nos.

R9 (9) was the originator, R2 (2) a transit SS and R3 (3) the end AS. Setting
route maps on R2 out on the neighbor statement:

route-map loop permit 10
match ip address 10
set as-path prepend 10 11 12 11 12 11 12
!
!
route-map add permit 10
match ip address 10
set as-path prepend 2


router bgp 9
neighbor 10.20.29.2 route-map loop out


with the "add" route map. the update was dropped at R2 - as it thought i had
already been through AS 2.


With the loop I got:
r2#sh ip bgp

BGP table version is 9, local router ID is 10.45.45.4
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i -
internal
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete

Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*> 10.20.9.0/24 10.20.29.9 0 0 9 10 11 12 11 12
11 12 i

*> 10.35.35.0/24 10.20.23.3 0 0 3 i

on R2.

So I namaged to force it. I also got the following on R3:

3660-r3#sh ip bgp
BGP table version is 5, local router ID is 10.35.35.3
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i -
internal
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete

Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*> 10.20.9.0/24 10.20.23.2 0 2 9 10 11
12 11 12 11 12 i
*> 10.35.35.0/24 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i

So it was onwards advertised.

Why would we want to do that? TBH I am struggling a little. Listing an AS could
be used as a rudimentary propagation control - "I want this go go everywhere
but AS 9,10 and 11" kind of thing.

The path length can be used to select routes, but it is a pretty blunt
instrument.
--
Paul Matthews
paul@cattytown.me.uk
http://www.hepcats.co.uk

Posted by Paul Matthews on November 14, 2006, 3:33 pm
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Paul Matthews wrote:
>It should not "just happen" as the AS-PATH attribute is the primary loop
>prevention mechanism. if a BGP speaker sees an update with its own AS number in
>it, that update is dropped.

Forgot to add - this *can* be turned off.
--
Paul Matthews
paul@cattytown.me.uk
http://www.hepcats.co.uk


other useful resources:
The Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
Telecommunications Industry Association
Electronic and Software Security Products and Services
International Telecommunication Union

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